The studied Quercus robur trees were oaks protected as monuments of nature (200-350 years old) and oaks growing in forest stands (200-300 years old). The most visible symptoms occurring in aboveground organs included defoliation (25-75%). dying of twigs and branches. Discoloured heartwood. https://www.ngetikin.com/great-deal-Soderhamn-Footstool-Cover-great-pick/